Dataplate Metal Finishing

Plating Solution Information

Acid Copper   Metal Copper Plating Type Acid Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.19 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.84 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Functional applications Make Up Copper Sulphate 200 g/l Sulphuric Acid 55 g/l Potash Alum 12 g/l MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 15.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Copper 50 g/l Sulphuric Acid 55 g/l Anodes Electrolytic or phosphorised copper Agitation Air and mechanical agitation Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 4.5 min at 1 A/dm²           Acid Gold     Metal Gold Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 7.35 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.14 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 192.80 Notes   Uses Functional deposits Make Up Gold Potassium Cyanide 15 g/l Potassium Citrate / Citric Acid 90 g/l MIN TEMP °C 30 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.20 MAX CD A/Dm² 1.00 EFFICIENCY % 90 MIN pH 3.00 MAX pH 4.00 Control Gold 10 g/l Anodes Platinised titanium Agitation Cathode movement Tank Plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 5 min at 0.5 A/dm²               Acid Sulphate Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses Cyanide free alternative Make Up Zinc Sulphate 350 g/l Aluminium Sulphate 25 g/l Sodium Chloride 25 g/l Boric Acid 20 g/l Addition agents MIN TEMP °C 15 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 3.50 MAX pH 4.50 Control Zinc 60 g/l Chloride 25 g/l Boric Acid 20 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc Agitation Air agitation Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.8 min at 5 A/dm²               Black Nickel     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Black decorative nickel deposit Make Up Nickel Sulphate 90 g/l Nickel Ammonium Sulphate 50 g/l Zinc Sulphate 45 g/l Sodium Thiocyanate 20 g/l MIN TEMP °C 50 MAX TEMP °C 60 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.50 MAX CD A/Dm² 1.00 EFFICIENCY % 95 MIN pH 2.50 MAX pH 5.50 Control Nickel (Total) 20 g/l Zinc 7.5 g/l Anodes Nickel Agitation None Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 5 min at 1 A/dm²               Bright Acid Tin     Metal Tin Plating Type Stannic Valency 4 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.11 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.90 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 72.90 Notes   Uses Decorative / functional kitchen ware Make Up Stannous Sulphate 60 g/l Sulphuric Acid 130 g/l Brightener additive MIN TEMP °C 15 MAX TEMP °C 30 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 2.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Tin 30 g/l Sulphuric Acid 130 g/l Anodes High purity tin Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1 min at 2 A/dm²               Bright Acid Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses Cyanide free alternative Make Up Zinc Chloride 100 g/l Ammonium Chloride 180 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 30 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 5.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 4.50 MAX pH 6.00 Control Zinc 50 g/l Chloride 175 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc Agitation Air agitation Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.25 min at 3 A/dm²               Bright Alkaline Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses Cyanide free alternative Make Up Zinc Oxide 10 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 80 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 35 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 2.50 EFFICIENCY % 55 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Zinc 8 g/l Hydroxide 90 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc / Steel Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 3.2 min at 2 A/dm²               Bright Chrome     Metal Chromium Plating Type Hexavalent Valency 6 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 0.32 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 3.09 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.90 Notes   Uses Decorative applied over bright nickel Make Up Chromic Acid 400 g/l Sulphuric Acid 4 g/l MIN TEMP °C 35 MAX TEMP °C 50 MIN CD A/Dm² 8.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 15.00 EFFICIENCY % 9 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Chrome / Sulphuric ratio 100:1 Anodes Lead/Tin or Lead/Antimony Agitation None Tank Antimonial lead lined or PVC lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 16.5 min at 10 A/dm²               Bright Gold     Metal Gold Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 7.35 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.14 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 192.80 Notes   Uses Decorative and functional plating Make Up Gold Potassium Cyanide 11 g/l Monopotassium Phosphate 20 g/l Brightener additive MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 25 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.50 MAX CD A/Dm² 3.00 EFFICIENCY % 90 MIN pH 4.00 MAX pH 4.50 Control Gold 7.5 g/l Anodes Platinised titanium Agitation Cathode movement Tank Plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 5 min at 0.5 A/dm²               Bright High Chloride Nickel     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Barrel plating / zinc diecastings Make Up Nickel Sulphate 90 g/l Nickel Chloride 200 g/l Boric Acid 40 g/l Brightener and levelling additives MIN TEMP °C 55 MAX TEMP °C 65 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 95 MIN pH 2.50 MAX pH 4.00 Control Nickel (Total) 60-70 g/l Chloride 200 g/l Boric Acid 38-40 g/l Anodes Primary nickel in titanium baskets Agitation Air agitation Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1 min at 5 A/dm²               Bright Silver     Metal Silver Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 4.03 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.25 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 105.00 Notes   Uses Decorative Make Up Silver Cyanide 45 g/l Potassium Cyanide 125 g/l Potassium Carbonate 15 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 25 MAX TEMP °C 35 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 2.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Silver 30-40 g/l Free Cyanide 100 g/l Anodes 99.97% Fine Silver Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.8 min at 2 A/dm²               Bright Watts Nickel     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Decorative and protection Make Up Nickel Sulphate 300 g/l Nickel Chloride 60 g/l Boric Acid 40 g/l Brightener and levelling additives MIN TEMP °C 55 MAX TEMP °C 65 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 8.00 EFFICIENCY % 95 MIN pH 3.50 MAX pH 4.50 Control Nickel (Total) 60-80 g/l Chloride 60 g/l Boric Acid 38-40 g/l Anodes Primary nickel in titanium baskets Agitation Air agitation Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.3 min at 4 A/dm²               Cadmium Cyanide     Metal Cadmium Plating Type Cyanide Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.48 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 86.40 Notes   Uses Military and marine applications mainly Make Up Cadmium Oxide 24 g/l Sodium Cyanide 100 g/l Brightener Additives MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 35 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 5.00 EFFICIENCY % 80 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Cadmium 20 g/l Sodium Cyanide 100 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 15 g/l Sodium Carbonate (Max) 60 g/l Anodes Cadmium - cast or extruded, ball in steel cages Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.8 min at 1.5 A/dm²               Cadmium Fluoborate     Metal Cadmium Plating Type Cyanide Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.48 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 86.40 Notes   Uses Military and marine applications mainly Make Up Cadmium Fluoborate 242 g/l Ammonium Fluorborate 60 g/l Boric Acid 20 g/l Licorice 1 g/l MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 38 MIN CD A/Dm² 3.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 6.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 3.00 MAX pH 3.60 Control Cadmium 95 g/l Anodes Cadmium - cast or extruded Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.5 min at 5.0 A/dm²               Copper Cyanide     Metal Copper Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.37 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.42 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Thin deposits for general use Make Up Copper Cyanide 15 g/l Sodium Cyanide 25 g/l Sodium Carbonate 15 g/l MIN TEMP °C 45 MAX TEMP °C 55 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.50 MAX CD A/Dm² 1.50 EFFICIENCY % 25 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Copper 10 g/l Free Cyanide 6 g/l Anodes Copper rolled Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 9 min at 1 A/dm²               Copper Fluoborate     Metal Copper Plating Type Acid Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.19 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.84 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Functional - High speed copper plating Make Up Copper Fluoborate 225-450 g/l Fluoboric Acid (33%) 45-90 g/l Boric Acid 15-30 g/l MIN TEMP °C 27 MAX TEMP °C 50 MIN CD A/Dm² 8.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 45.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.40 MAX pH 1.40 Control Copper 60-120 g/l Free Fluoboric acid 15-30 g/l Anodes Electrolytic or OFHC copper Agitation Air agitation or mechanical cathode movement Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.45 min at 10 A/dm²               Copper Pyrophosphate     Metal Copper Plating Type Acid Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.19 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.84 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Bright levelling plating process for diecastings Make Up Copper Pyrophosphate 75 g/l Potassium Pyrophosphate 250 g/l Ammonia 3.75 g/l Brightener and levelling additives MIN TEMP °C 50 MAX TEMP °C 55 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 5.50 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 8.20 MAX pH 9.00 Control Copper 20-30 g/l Pyrophosphate / copper ratio 6.5-8:1 Ammonia as NH3 2 g/l Anodes Electrolytic or OFHC copper Agitation Air agitation or mechanical cathode movement Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.2 min at 40 A/dm²               Cyanide Gold     Metal Gold Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 7.35 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.14 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 192.80 Notes   Uses Decorative plating Make Up Gold Potassium Cyanide 3 g/l Potassium Cyanide 8 g/l Dipotassium Phosphate 15 g/l MIN TEMP °C 60 MAX TEMP °C 80 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.20 MAX CD A/Dm² 1.00 EFFICIENCY % 90 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Gold 2 g/l Free Cyanide 5-8 g/l Anodes Gold or stainless steel Agitation Cathode movement Tank Stainless Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 5 min at 0.5 A/dm²               Electroless Copper     Metal Copper Plating Type Acid Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.19 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.84 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Plating on plastics, PCB plating Make Up Copper Sulphate 30 g/l Rochelle Salt 140 g/l Sodium Carbonate 25 g/l E.D.T.A. 17 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 40 g/l Formaldehyde (40%) 130 ml/l MIN TEMP °C 21 MAX TEMP °C 27 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 0.00 EFFICIENCY % 0 MIN pH 11.50 MAX pH 12.00 Control   Anodes None Agitation Continuous air agitation Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 10 to 15 mins               Electroless Nickel     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Functional wear resistant coating Make Up Nickel Chloride 30 g/l Sodium Glycollate 50 g/l Sodium Hypophosphite 10 g/l MIN TEMP °C 80 MAX TEMP °C 95 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 0.00 EFFICIENCY % 0 MIN pH 4.00 MAX pH 6.00 Control Nickel 7.5 g/l Anodes None Agitation None Tank PTFE Lined or anically protected titanium OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 4 mins               Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate     Metal Iron Plating Type Ammonium Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.04 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.96 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 78.70 Notes   Uses Steel facing of printing plates Make Up Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate 350 g/l Sulphuric Acid 0.5 g/l MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 60 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 90 MIN pH 4.00 MAX pH 5.00 Control Iron 50 g/l Anodes Armco iron Agitation Mechanical Cathode movement Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 3.25 min at 2 A/dm²               Ferrous Chloride     Metal Iron Plating Type Ammonium Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.04 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.96 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 78.70 Notes   Uses Electroforming products of iron foil Make Up Ferrous Chloride 400 g/l Calcium Chloride 80 g/l Wetting Agent 2 ml/l MIN TEMP °C 90 MAX TEMP °C 100 MIN CD A/Dm² 5.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 30.00 EFFICIENCY % 90 MIN pH 1.00 MAX pH 1.50 Control Iron 110 g/l Anodes Armco iron Agitation Mechanical Cathode movement Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 3.25 min at 2 A/dm²               Hard Chrome     Metal Chromium Plating Type Hexavalent Valency 6 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 0.32 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 3.09 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.90 Notes   Uses Funtional applications Make Up Chromic Acid 250 g/l Sulphuric Acid 2.5 g/l MIN TEMP °C 50 MAX TEMP °C 60 MIN CD A/Dm² 30.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 75.00 EFFICIENCY % 13 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Chrome / Sulphuric ratio 100:1 Anodes Lead/Tin or Lead/Antimony Agitation None Tank Antimonial lead lined or PVC lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 2.6 min at 40 A/dm²               High Cyanide Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses General Make Up Zinc Oxide 45 g/l Sodium Cyanide 100 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 35 g/l Polysulphide 1 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 3.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 7.00 EFFICIENCY % 82 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Zinc 35 g/l Free Cyanide 100 g/l Free Hydroxide 80 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc / Steel Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.1 min at 4 A/dm²               High Efficiency Chrome     Metal Chromium Plating Type Hexavalent Valency 6 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 0.32 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 3.09 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.90 Notes   Uses Decorative applied over bright nickel Make Up Chromic Acid 250 g/l Sulphuric Acid 1.5 g/l Potassium Silicofluoride 4 g/l MIN TEMP °C 40 MAX TEMP °C 45 MIN CD A/Dm² 10.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 15.00 EFFICIENCY % 18 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control   Anodes Lead/Tin or Lead/Antimony Agitation None Tank Antimonial lead lined or PVC lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 6.5 min at 12 A/dm²               High Efficiency Cyanide Copper     Metal Copper Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.37 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.42 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses Zinc diecasting and general use Make Up Copper Cyanide 75 g/l Potassium Cyanide 125 g/l Potassiun Hydroxide 15 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 60 MAX TEMP °C 70 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 4.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Copper 50 g/l Free Cyanide 15-25 g/l Anodes Copper OFHC Agitation Air or mechanical agitation Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.76 min at 3 A/dm²               Lead Fluoborate     Metal Lead Plating Type Fluoborate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 3.87 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.26 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 113.40 Notes   Uses Protective and acid resistant coatings Make Up Lead Fluoborate (50%) 220 ml/l Fluoboric Acid (45%) 60 ml/l Boric Acid 10 g/l Glue or Peptone 5 g/l MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.50 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Lead 100 g/l Fluoboboric Acid 30-40 g/l Anodes Chemical Lead Agitation None Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.88 min at 2 A/dm²               Low Cyanide Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses General Make Up Zinc Oxide 10 g/l Sodium Cyanide 15 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 75 g/l Polysulphide 1 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 25 MAX TEMP °C 30 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 2.50 EFFICIENCY % 75 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Zinc 8 g/l Free Cyanide 15 g/l Free Hydroxide 80 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc / Steel Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 4.5 min at 1 A/dm²               Low Temperature Levelling Nickel     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Energy saving decorative / general Make Up Nickel Sulphate 125 g/l Nickel Chloride 70 g/l Boric Acid 55 g/l Brightener and levelling additives MIN TEMP °C 35 MAX TEMP °C 45 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 7.00 EFFICIENCY % 95 MIN pH 3.50 MAX pH 4.50 Control Nickel (Total) 45 g/l Chloride 70 g/l Boric Acid 5-55 g/l Anodes Primary nickel in titanium baskets Agitation Air agitation Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1.3 min at 4 A/dm²               Matt Acid Tin     Metal Tin Plating Type Stannic Valency 4 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.11 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.90 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 72.90 Notes   Uses Strip and wire plating Make Up Stannous Sulphate 60 g/l Phenol-sulphonic Acid 100 g/l Sulphuric Acid 55 g/l Gelatin 2 g/l Beta-naphthol 1 g/l MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 25 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Tin 30 g/l Sulphuric Acid 90 g/l Anodes High purity tin Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 2 min at 1 A/dm²               Matt Potassium Stannate Tin     Metal Tin Plating Type Stannous Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.21 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.45 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 72.90 Notes   Uses Functional Make Up Potassium Stannate 100-200 g/l Potassium Hydroxide 15-20 g/l MIN TEMP °C 60 MAX TEMP °C 90 MIN CD A/Dm² 3.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 80 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Tin 40-75 g/l Free Hydroxide 15-20 g/l Anodes Tin or Stainless Steel Agitation None Tank Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 1 min at 5 A/dm²               Matt Silver     Metal Silver Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 4.03 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.25 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 105.00 Notes   Uses General purpose Make Up Silver Cyanide 12 g/l Potassium Cyanide 15 g/l Potassium Carbonate 15 g/l MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 25 MIN CD A/Dm² 0.20 MAX CD A/Dm² 0.50 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Silver 8-10 g/l Free Cyanide 20 g/l Anodes 99.97% Fine Silver Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 3 min at 0.5 A/dm²               Matt Stannate Tin     Metal Tin Plating Type Stannous Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.21 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.45 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 72.90 Notes   Uses Functional Make Up Sodium Stannate 75-100 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 12 g/l Sodium Acetate 12 g/l MIN TEMP °C 60 MAX TEMP °C 80 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 3.00 EFFICIENCY % 78 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Tin 30-40 g/l Free Hydroxide 6-12 g/l Anodes Tin or Stainless Steel Agitation None Tank Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 2.5 min at 2 A/dm²               Matt Tin Fluoborate     Metal Tin Plating Type Stannic Valency 4 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.11 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.90 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 72.90 Notes   Uses Functional Make Up Tin Fluoborate (50%) 400 g/l Fluoboric Acid (45%) 110 g/l Boric Acid 15 g/l MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 50 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.50 MAX CD A/Dm² 12.00 EFFICIENCY % 100 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Tin 80 g/l Fluoboric Acid 50 g/l Anodes High purity tin Agitation Mechanical cathode movement Tank Plastic or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.2 min at 10 A/dm²               Medium Cyanide Zinc     Metal Zinc Plating Type Alkaline Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.22 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.82 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 71.35 Notes   Uses General Make Up Zinc Oxide 20 g/l Sodium Cyanide 50 g/l Sodium Hydroxide 75 g/l Polysulphide 1 g/l Brightener additives MIN TEMP °C 20 MAX TEMP °C 35 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 3.00 EFFICIENCY % 77 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Zinc 20 g/l Free Cyanide 50 g/l Free Hydroxide 75 g/l Anodes 99.99% Zinc / Steel Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 2 min at 2 A/dm²               Nickel Strike     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses For plating stainless steel Make Up Nickel Chloride 200 g/l Hydrochloric Acid 80 ml/l MIN TEMP °C 18 MAX TEMP °C 40 MIN CD A/Dm² 1.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 10.00 EFFICIENCY % 15 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control   Anodes Nickel Agitation None Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 Thin deposits only               Nickel Sulphamate     Metal Nickel Plating Type Sulphate Valency 2 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 1.10 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.91 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.07 Notes   Uses Functional deposits electroforming / typing Make Up Nickel Sulphamate 300 g/l Nickel Chloride 5 g/l Boric Acid 30 g/l Brightener, wetting agent and levelling additives MIN TEMP °C 40 MAX TEMP °C 60 MIN CD A/Dm² 2.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 15.00 EFFICIENCY % 95 MIN pH 3.90 MAX pH 4.20 Control Nickel (Total) 70 g/l Chloride 5 g/l Boric Acid 30 g/l Anodes Primary nickel in titanium baskets Agitation Air agitation Tank Rubber or plastic lined OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 0.52 min at 10 A/dm²               Rochelle Copper     Metal Copper Plating Type Cyanide Valency 1 WEIGHT OF DEPOSIT PER Ah (g) 2.37 Ah TO DEPOSIT 1 g 0.42 WEIGHT OF 1 Dm² @ 1 µm (g) 89.30 Notes   Uses For plating zinc base diecastings Make Up Copper Cyanide 25 g/l Sodium Cyanide 35 g/l Rochelle Salt 50 g/l MIN TEMP °C 60 MAX TEMP °C 70 MIN CD A/Dm² 3.00 MAX CD A/Dm² 4.00 EFFICIENCY % 40 MIN pH 0.00 MAX pH 0.00 Control Copper 18 g/l Free Cyanide 6 g/l Anodes Copper rolled Agitation None Tank Mild Steel OPTIMUM DEPOSITION FOR 1 2 min at 3 A/dm²

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